If the machine uses lubricating oil or grease, it can be lubricated freely without difficulty. Then, we should choose the fuel-saving and economic options.

Generally speaking, the heat dissipation capacity of lubricating oil is better than that of grease, the friction coefficient is small, it is convenient to add oil during use, and the oil film formed is more uniform, which are the characteristics and advantages of lubricating oil.

As for lubricating grease, it also has its own characteristics and advantages, which are beyond the reach of lubricating oil:

1. mechanical lubrication is required not to drip oil.

2. the lubricating grease is not easy to leak, and it is not necessary to add oil for a long time.

3. the grease is not easy to thin at higher temperatures.

4. the lubricating grease can also protect the bearing.

5. the lubrication cycle must be extended for parts that are not easy to be oiled.

6. the effect of preventing dirt invasion is better with lubricating grease.

There are two main changes of lubricating grease during use:

1 chemical change: under the action of light, heat, air, etc., oxidative deterioration occurs. Oxidation products will lead to corrosion and rust of lubricating parts, making the grease lose its lubricating and protective effects.

2 physical changes: the structure of lubricating grease is deteriorated due to mechanical action, and even the structure of lubricating grease is destroyed, resulting in the decrease of the consistency of lubricating grease and the deterioration of lubricating effect. The judgment method is to use the naked eye or feel that there is dust, mechanical impurities, or water mixed into the lubricating grease to make it white, lighter in color, and significantly smaller in consistency. Whether there is the smell of grease corruption can also determine whether the lubricating grease has deteriorated. At the same time, the instrument analysis method can also be used to determine whether the lubricating grease has deteriorated.

5、 Lubricant management

Lubricating oil is a kind of petrochemical products with many varieties and brands and a wide range of applications. At the same time, lubricating oil is a technology intensive product. Only by doing a good job in lubricating oil management and using lubricating oil correctly can we give full play to the technical performance of lubricating oil, ensure the normal operation of equipment, extend the service life of equipment, save lubricating oil, save energy, and improve economic and social benefits. Transportation and storage management of lubrication oil transportation and storage requirements mainly include:

（1） Bulk oil products

1. the container containing and storing lubricating oil must be clean;

2. transportation and storage of transformer oil and turbine oil require "special tank and special line"; Other oil products shall be provided with storage and transportation facilities according to the three categories of internal combustion engine oil, hydraulic oil and gear oil.

3. during transportation and storage, special attention shall be paid to prevent water and impurities from mixing.

4. generally, the storage period of bulk lubricating oil shall not exceed half a year.

5. the density of lubricating oil is about 0.75~0.95g/cm, which is lighter than water and insoluble in water. The flash point (opening) of lubricating oil is generally higher than 150 ℃. It is a combustible material. In the process of storage and transportation, attention should be paid to prevent outflow from polluting the environment and ignition.

6. indicate the product name, brand, grade, quantity, warehousing date, etc.

7. in principle, the same oil products produced by different manufacturers cannot be mixed for storage. If it is not possible to do mixed storage, the "mixing test" should be conducted first to confirm that there is no adverse reaction before operation.

（2） Barreled oil products

1. crude operation is strictly prohibited for oil loading and unloading trucks, and the height of oil stacking shall be appropriate to avoid danger or crushing the product.

2. during transportation and storage, special attention shall be paid to prevent water and impurities from mixing.

3. the storage period of barreled lubricating oil products can be longer than that of bulk ones, but generally not more than one year.

4. different oil products should be stacked separately and clearly marked with product name, brand, grade, quantity and warehousing, so as to avoid mistakes during delivery.

Management of lubricating oil use process

（1） Selection of lubricating oil selection is the primary link in the use of lubricating oil, and is the key to ensure the reasonable lubrication of equipment and give full play to the performance of lubricating oil.

1. the following three factors shall be comprehensively considered when selecting lubricating oil:

(1) Working conditions (i.e. working conditions) of mechanical equipment in actual use;

(2) Specification or recommendation of mechanical equipment manufacturers;

(3) Regulations or recommendations of lubricant manufacturers.

2. selection of lubricating oil performance indicators

(1) Viscosity viscosity is an index for classification and grading of various lubricating oils, and is of decisive significance for quality identification and determination. The viscosity of lubricating oil for equipment shall be determined according to the design or calculation data and relevant charts.

(2) Pour point pour point is an index indirectly indicating the low temperature fluidity of lubricating oil during storage, transportation and use. Experience has proved that the service temperature of general lubricating oil must be 5~10 ℃ higher than the pour point.

(3) Flash point the flash point is mainly an indicator of safety for the storage, transportation and use of lubricating oil, and also an indicator for controlling the distillate and volatility of lubricating oil during production. The principle of lubricating oil flash point index is to reserve 1/2 safety factor according to the safety regulations, that is, 1/2 higher than the actual use temperature. If the oil temperature of internal combustion engine oil pan is not higher than 120 ℃, the flash point of internal combustion engine oil is specified to be lower than 180 ℃.

(4) There are many performance indicators selected for performance indicators, and there is a wide gap between different varieties. It should be reasonably determined according to the working conditions of the equipment, the requirements of the manufacturer and the oil description and introduction. Strive to meet the requirements of lubrication technology and be economical and reasonable.

（2） Substitution of lubricating oil

1. different types of lubricating oils have their own particularity or difference in service performance. Therefore, it is required to select lubricating oil correctly and reasonably to avoid substitution, let alone indiscriminate substitution.

2. principle of lubricating oil substitution

(1) Try to use the same type of oil or oil with similar performance.

(2) The viscosity shall be equivalent, and the viscosity of the substitute oil shall not exceed ± 15% of the original oil. Priority should be given to oils with slightly higher viscosity for substitution.

(3) High quality replaces low quality.

(4) When selecting alternative oil, the environment and working temperature of the equipment shall also be considered.

（3） Mixing of lubricating oils 1 Different brands, manufacturers and new and old oils should be avoided to be mixed. The following oil products cannot be mixed.

(1) Military special oil and special oil cannot be mixed with other oil products.

(2) The oil with anti emulsification performance requirements shall not be mixed with the oil without anti emulsification requirements.

(3) Ammonia Resistant turbine oil shall not be mixed with other turbine oils.

(4) Anti wear hydraulic oil containing Zn cannot be mixed with anti silver hydraulic oil.

(5) Gear oil cannot be mixed with worm gear oil.

2. the following situations can be mixed:

(1) Similar products of the same manufacturer with similar quality.

(2) Products of the same manufacturer with different brands.

(3) For different types of oil products, if it is known that the two components of the mixture do not contain additives.

(4) There is no abnormal phenomenon and obvious performance change in the mixing test of different types of oil products.

（4） Control of lubricating oil pollution in addition to improper selection or use of lubricating oil, lubrication accidents are mainly caused by pollution.

1. the substances contaminating the lubricating oil include dust, impurities, and water.

2. the control of pollution degree is very important for the anti-wear performance of hydraulic oil, turbine oil, hydrostatic film bearing oil and high-speed bearing oil.

3. pollution control measures:

(1) Containers for storing and transporting lubricating oil products must be clean and sealed, and shall not contact with copper, tin and other metals that are easy to promote the oxidation and deterioration of lubricating oil.

(2) Before the oil is added to the equipment, sedimentation and filtration shall be carried out to ensure that the cleanliness reaches above level 5.

(3) The refueling container shall not be exposed in the atmosphere, especially the oil container shall not be uncovered.

(4) The oil tank storing lubricating oil shall be cleaned regularly and discharged in time.

(5) The oil tank or oil tank shall be equipped with an air filter respirator, and the oil filler shall be equipped with a filter and dust cap of more than 100 mesh. All parts shall be well sealed, and the appropriate parts of the lubrication system shall be equipped with filters and blowdown valves.

4. transformer oil and other electrical oil have high requirements for moisture, and the oil should be changed when the weather is dry. And then the oil should be immediately added to the equipment.

（5） Monitoring of the use status of lubricating oil

It is an inevitable rule that lubricating oil will gradually age and deteriorate during use. There are two kinds of aging and deterioration: one is normal aging and deterioration; The other is abnormal deterioration due to abnormal factors such as water pollution. The monitoring of lubricating oil use status can timely grasp the technical status of oil products, prevent equipment lubrication accidents and extend the service life of oil products.

（6） Replacement of lubricating oil

After being used for a period of time (months, years or even decades), the lubricating oil will gradually deteriorate due to its own oxidation and the influence of external factors during use, and its performance will decline or change, so it must be replaced in time.

1. determination of oil change time

(1) Determine the oil change time according to the inspection and evaluation results; However, at present, the difficulty is that there is still a lack of charging standards for various oil products.

(2) According to the recommendations of Lubricant Manufacturers and equipment manufacturers and combined with actual use experience, replace regularly.

2. precautions for oil change

(1) The oil change decision should be made easily and the service life of the oil should be extended.

(2) Try to change the oil in combination with the maintenance period.

(3) When changing the oil, do not discard it easily. If the oil quality is good, it can be reused after a little treatment (such as sedimentation filtration to remove water impurities) or used for secondary equipment. Waste oil should be collected well to facilitate future reprocessing and prevent environmental pollution.

Prevent lubricating oil from harming health many petroleum products are harmful to human body. If the skin is not cleaned in time, it may cause dermatitis and pimples in mild cases, and rash or skin tumor in severe cases. If it is accidentally entered into the mouth or inhaled into the body, gastroenteric disease or pneumonia may occur in mild cases, and cancer may occur in severe cases. Therefore, great attention should be paid not to get oil on food, into the respiratory tract, or covered with oil or oil on the ground, which not only causes waste to the country, but also hinders personal hygiene. Animal tests have proved that refined mineral oil lubricating oil has low toxicity, but the harm of lubricating oil with additives increases, so we must pay attention to protection. Even if the new oil is non-toxic, its harmfulness will be increased by deterioration and pollution in the process of use. Therefore, be careful not to contaminate the skin, especially not to breathe or eat. If you accidentally get it on your body, you should immediately wash it with clean water. The lubricating oil replaced by waste oil has deteriorated and can only be treated as waste oil. These waste oils should be properly treated to avoid environmental pollution.

1. these waste oils shall be collected and disposed of in a unified manner. Barrels or bottles containing lubricating oils shall not be littered everywhere, but shall also be disposed of properly in a unified manner to prevent adverse effects on the environment.

The used lubricating oil waste oil, especially the lubricating oil with more additives, is difficult to be recycled. But it can generally be burned as fuel oil